Which of the following is a risk from the contrast used during the cardiac catheterization?

• A. Kidney damage or failure from contrast
• B. Weight gain
• C. Hair growth
• D. Nosebleeds without contrast exposure

Answer: (A)

Iodinated contrast used in cardiac catheterization can injure the kidneys, causing contrast-induced nephropathy. This acute kidney injury typically appears as a rise in creatinine within 24 to 72 hours after exposure, and is more likely in patients with preexisting kidney disease, diabetes, dehydration, older age, heart failure, or when large or high-osmolality volumes of contrast are used. Prevention focuses on giving the smallest necessary amount, ensuring adequate hydration, and using lower-risk contrast agents when possible. Weight gain, hair growth, or nosebleeds are not characteristic risks of the contrast itself.